Alignment Challenges
Alignment Challenges The main challenge for alignment is that sentences/segments do not necessarily map one to-one, and there are many possible atterns for misalignment, as will be shown in the following section. The bottom line in the alignment process is to ...Evaluating Dose Summation in Gynecological
Evaluating Dose Summation in Gynecological 95,000 women were estimated to be diagnosed with gynecological malignancies for 2014 alone. About 12,900 of these cases will be invasive cervical cancer . Approximately 54,870 new cases of cancer of the uterus will be...Knowledge-Based Radiation Therapy Database Optimization on Head and Neck Cancer
Introduction Most head and neck cancers (HNC) begin in squamous cells that line the moist surface inside the head and neck (HN). According to National Cancer Institute, HNC can begin in multiple sites and from different cells within a particular site . This type of...Computer-aided diagnosis CAD
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has become a vital part of medical evaluations and pathology detection in the United States [1]. Systematic use of CAD systems since 1980s has caused a signi ficant change in the utilization of the computer output for...Texture Features in Cellprofiler
Haralick features Haralick features provide information on how the intensities of pixels in images of a certain position are related with the intensities of neighboring pixels. These features originated from the co-occurrence matrix. In the Cellprofiler used...Cellprofiler
CellProfiler is free open-source software or framework which enables pathologists and biologists who do not have specific knowledge in fields like computer vision, image processing and programming for quantitative measurement and evaluation of the phenotypes from...Local features in image processing
The local features (holistic features) consist of texture and cell level information, i.e. appearance and shape of every individual cell [13]. Haralick features [11] and Gabor wavelet texture [14] are calculated to measure the texture of the cells. In order to get the...Supervised learning methods in blood vessels segmentation
In contrast with the unsupervised techniques, supervised learning methods require labeled ground truth data and pre-training to adapt the system to the task at hand, in this case vessel pixel segmentation. Supervised methods tend to follow the same pattern: the...Unsupervised methods in blood vessels segmentation
All classification systems perform image processing to extract features that we hope will make it easier for the software to correctly label each pixel as vessel or not vessel, however unsupervised systems (like this work) do not require additional training data to...Blood Vessels Segmentation
Few areas of image processing have the kind of impact that medical image processing does. From performing reconstructions from MRI and CT scans to contrast enhancement of X-rays to techniques aimed at allowing more automated diagnoses by physicians, advancements in...Application of Compressed Sensing in Computed Tomography
CT image recovery from incomplete projections is an ill-conditioned problem without a unique solution. Classically, to be able to recover images from incomplete data, different prior models of the images have been used in statistical iterative reconstruction...Central Slice Theorem
To reduce the computational load of back projection (which is of O(N3) for an N N image), Fourier based reconstruction methods have been proposed . The Central Slice Theorem (CST) or Direct Fourier Reconstruction (DFR) relates the 1D Fourier transform of the...Feature Extraction in Image Processing
Edges are low-level image features, which are basic features that can be extracted automatically from an image with information about spatial relationships that are most obvious to human vision. Curvature Curvature is another low level feature that is the rate of...Tweet Information
The number of tweets collected for participating users varies widely, as shown in Figure. As discussed in subsection only about the most recent 3200 tweets can be collected from a user.The average of 1538 tweets collected per user and median of 1065 suggest that for...Tweet Loading
As part of the web form submission and in order to download users’ tweets, the users must be followed on Twitter. Following users as they participate via the web form and downloading their tweets is accomplished by using three programs developed as part of this work....Using Word and Phrase Abbreviation Patterns to Extract Age From Twitter Microtexts
Twitter is a relatively new service, made public in 2006, which allows users to post 140 character updates. They can follow other users, such as friends, celebrities, or companies to receive a live digest of those users’ updates. Users can engage in public or private...Clinical Dose Reduction Strategies
Clinical Dose Reduction Strategies Some clinically used strategies for dose optimization will be briefly discussed in this subsection. It is notable that for dose optimization, the exam must be performed using doses that are As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA),...X-ray Dose measurement
X-ray Dose measurement In this section we briefly review different definitions, units, and measurement methods of X-ray dose in CT imaging. Dose is a general term used to quantify how much radiation exposure aperson (or other material) has received. Radiation dose...Diffusion Weighted Imaging
Diffusion Weighted Imaging The free diffusion of water due to Brownian motion forms the basis for the development of diffusion MRI. In 1965 Stejskal and Tanner published a landmark paper describing an MR spin-echo pulse sequence that allowed the detection of the...Tweet-level variation
The first level of inquiry into the corpus, at the Tweet level, poorly accounts for the differences between pronouns data studied in this level, suggesting instead similarity in referent or inadequacy of methods. Variation at the level of tokens is examined in...What is Twitter?
Twitter is an extremely popular social media platform. The platform was founded in 2006, and reached 500 million user accounts in June of 2012, 140 million of those in the United States (Semiocast 2012). Users access Twitter through a web interface at Twitter.com,...Comparison of Sentiment Score Results with Control Group
In order to establish a baseline or sentiment score calculations for the tweets, a control group of 3,000 tweets was randomly selected out of the collection of 81,158 tweets that had a distance greater than 0 between the two sentiment scores calculated. The tweets...data analysis function
The data analysis function had to look up the contents of the hashtag in several dictionaries: a New Oxford American dictionary that is available by default on all instances of MAC OS X Mountain Lion, and a CELEX2 dictionary of English (CELEX2,1996). The order of the...Sentiment Analysis Methods and Literature Review
Scientific research of computational text analysis started in the 1950s when the most advanced computer technology used punched cards and tabulation machines (Stone, 1997). Since then, computational approaches into text and language research have been improving...ADHERENCE TO HEPATITIS B BIRTH DOSE
Viral hepatitis B (HBV) is a silent public health problem. Globally, over two billion are infected with HBV, 360 million chronic carriers with an estimated 800,000 annual death by liver cancer/cirrhosis. 78% of liver cancer and 57% of cirrhosis is attributable to HBV....adrenal
Improvement in imaging technique has resulted in detection o f increased number of adrenal incidentalomas, thus they are being found incidentally in millions o f people w orldw ide2. It is a common problem; up to 7% o f all patients over 60 may harbor a benign growth....Super-resolution for computed tomography based on discrete tomography
Super-resolution for computed tomography based on discrete tomography In X-ray computed tomography, images are typically reconstructed on a voxel grid. Given that each voxel is represented by a constant grey level, it is typically assumed that the material...Accelerated 3D Imaging Using Compressed Sensing
Accelerated 3D Imaging Using Compressed Sensing Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the upper airway during sustained sound production has recently emerged as a promising tool in speech production research as a means to capture the full geometry of the vocal tract. The...Experimental Procedure
Instructor Pilot Interviews Studying pilot fatigue through flight dynamics has never been attempted before which manifests one question, where to start? For a study on pilot fatigue in which none of the researchers had any flying experience, it made sense to begin by...Pilot Fatigue Detection Using Aircraft State Variables
Pilot fatigue has been proven to be the cause of many aviation accidents. Fatigue introduces error into the pilot’s inputs, which can potentially lead to accidents. To date,fatigue has been widely researched through physiological variables and sleep studies. Often,...ZOOM – A Reduced Field of View Method
In 1988, Mansfield et al. published a method to reduce the full field of view FOV and allow what was termed “zonal image magnification for EPI” (ZEPI) [90] Mansfield considered two reduced FOV pulse sequence designs for echo planar imaging (EPI) in this publication to...Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System
Breast Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most commonly detected type of malignant tumor in women. For 2014, more than 230,000 new cases are expected to be diagnosed, amounting to 29% of the total number of new cancer cases in women....Computed Tomography (CT)
Computed Tomography (CT) X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that enables the reconstruction of cross-sections of an object, using a series of X-ray measurements taken from many angles around the object. The first CT scanner was introduced by...Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Different kind of Endoscopy Endoscopy was introduced to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body by directly inserting an endoscope inside the body. It has shown tremendous success in examination of gastroenterology (GI) tract. Currently, there are...Medical image computing
Over the last decade, medical image computing and analysis has evolved into one of the most important fields within the biomedical imaging community . This is largely attributed to the rapid progress in computerized medical image visualization, advances in analysis...Collagen I and Breast Cancer
The interaction between cells and extracellular collagen I plays an important role in maintaining normal cell behavior , and the disruption of this interaction is one of the hallmarks of the transition from in normal tissue to malignancy (Figure 1). It is still not...MATLAB code for download
Introduction Basic Matlab/Scilab Instructions (ipynb|web) Introduction to Signal Processing (ipynb|web) Introduction to Image Processing (ipynb|web) Image Approximation with Fourier and Wavelets (ipynb|web) Image Processing with Wavelets (ipynb|web) Le...MATLAB implementation of Local Histogram Equalization
A standalone MATLAB implementation of Local Histogram Equalization using the Bilateral Grid. http://people.csail.mit.edu/jiawen/software/lhe-1.1.zipMATLAB Code for cell counting
Image segmentation techniques can be used for separating the RBC, WBC and Platelets in an image. The prime reason for segmenting the image is to define the boundaries of the blood cells enabling features to be extracted without the inclusion of extraneous material....
Troubleshooting and online tutorials
