data mining, Deep Learning
Kaggle is a platform for data sciences developer. It is based on two programming languages, Python and R . It has many outstanding features : You can find and use dataset in your machine learning application. You can find datasets in the link...
data mining, Deep Learning
The Jupyter notebook is a great friend of the data scientist. It allows the user to write code and create visualizations of data all in the same tab on their browser. It is included in the standard distribution of Anaconda, and can be launched from the command line...
data mining, Deep Learning
1. Division. Python 3 does floating point division between two integers if you specify the division with two slashes (//). However, if we want Python 2 to do floating point division by default , we can use the handy function: >> from__future__ import division...
Computer, data mining, Deep Learning
1. Study the company 2. Understand how the company makes money 3. Dress slightly above how you expect the company dresses 4. Practice interviewing (have someone else quiz you) and be able to answer why you would be a good fit at that company 5. Have questions ready...
data mining, Deep Learning
One-hot encoding is a way to represent the target variables or classes in case of a classification problem. The target variables can be converted from the string labels to one-hot encoded vectors. A one-hot vector is filled with 1 at the index of the target class but...
data mining
Aircraft Dynamics
data mining
Modbus MODBUS was established in the late 1970’s as a protocol to be used with programmable logic controllers PLCs by Modicon. It works on RS-485 serial communications and due to its differential signaling it reduces errors in communication. There are several versions...
Computer, data mining
Multi-Agent Systems Basically, an agent is a computer system which can decide to take an action in order to satisfy designed objectives. Agents that must operate robustly in rapidly changing, unpredictable, or open environments, where there is a significant...
Computer, data mining
Neural network structure and model In this work, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is proposed as shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. The Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LMBP) method is selected for training the ANN network to increase convergence...
Computer, data mining
Rotary optical encoders optical encoders Encoder is defined as an electromechanical device that measures motion or position. Encoders typically use optical sensors to generate electrical pulse train signals which are converted to position, motion, or direction ....
Computer, data mining
Voltage and Current Sensors The bus connectors are connected to the voltage and current sensors which are designed for measuring all currents and voltages in the power grid. The voltage and current sensors are electronic transducers which are installed on the designed...
Communication, Computer, data mining
Cascading Failures Introduction The complex structure and wide interconnections of power grids make them vulnerable to disturbances such as faults, loss of transmission lines (TLs), etc. This complexity makes the control strategies more sophisticated and costly in...
Computer, data mining
Common Spike Detection Methods 1. Precision Timing Spike Detection (PT) : PT employs a differential threshold, pulse lifetime period, and refractory period to detect spikes. It searches for a peak within the set PLP after a peak of opposite polarity is found. Provided...
Computer, data mining
Super-Paramagnetic Clustering Super-paramagnetic clustering (SPC) is a Monte Carlo iteration of the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising Model. SPC clustering is performed by evaluating simulated interactions (states) between individual data points and their...
data mining, Medicine
Spiking Model In Vivo Neurophysiology The animals employed for neurophysiological recording were adult, male Long-Evans rats acquired at 4 months of age. The animal protocols used were approved by the University of Kansas Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and...
data mining, Medicine
Noise in MEA recordings In addition to inherent noise coming from the source, i.e. the neuron, as previously described, there are several other sources of additive noise in an extracellular recording coming from the biological interface, the electrode interface and...
Computer, data mining
Spike Waveforms In theory, an action potential waveform or template could be unequivocally and unambiguously linked to a single neuron. However, in practice this is a difficult problem because the recorded signal is non-stationary due to several time varying...
data mining, Medicine
Extracellular Recordings In Neuron Most extracellular recording experiments follow the same general process to collect multiunit activity and identify individual neurons in the environment, albeit employing different methodologies for each step in the process, as...
data mining, Medicine
Extracellular Activity In Neuron Neurons are composed of three components: soma, axon, and dendrites. As in any cell, the soma or cell body is responsible for metabolic function, but in neurons it is further specialized to maintain high levels of biosynthetic...
data mining, Medicine
Neuron Model The brain is a network of billions of neurons , which makes the brain orders of magnitude more dense than state-of-the-art silicon-based VLSI electronic systems and thus challenging to map and study with conventional methods . Furthermore, it is estimated...
Computer, data mining
cost of electric energy storage technologies The increased penetration of supply derived from variable renewable energy resources, coupled with the recent decline in the cost of electric energy storage technologies, has brought about an opportunity to signicantly...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
Accelerating Parallel Image Reconstruction Using Random Projection Prologue Random projection has been used for data dimension reduction . The concept of random projection is related to compressed sensing , a topic that has attracted many attentions recently. By...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
Compressed Sensing MRI Parallel imaging has led to revolutionary progress in the field of rapid MRI in the past two decades. However, as discussed in the previous section, the maximum acceleration that can be achieved in parallel imaging is limited by the number and...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
The Need for Speed in MRI MR imaging speed is of critical importance in many clinical applications. However, the imaging speed with which gradient-encoded MR images can be acquired is fundamentally limited by the sequential nature of gradient-based MR acquisitions, in...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
MR Image Reconstruction As shown in Eq. (2.11), MR signal from a two-dimensional plane is a spatial integration of the spin density against the sinusoidal spatial modulation generated by encoding gradients. In other words, the MR signal comprises projections of the...
Computer, data mining, database of image, Medicine
Spatial Encoding and k-Space Formalism Following slice selection, the in-plane spatial information now can be further encoded with two additional gradients, known as frequency-encoding and phase-encoding gradients. In 2D imaging, the received MRI signal can be...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
MRI Signal NMR Phenomenon The physical phenomenon behind MRI is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which was first discovered in the 1940s. An atomic nucleus with an odd number of protons possesses an angular momentum J called spin, which generates a tiny magnetic...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and powerful imaging modality, with a broad range of applications in both clinical diagnosis and basic scientific research. Comparing to other medical imaging modalities, MRI does not use...
Computer, data mining
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) MANETs are made up of mobile devices that move in different directions at random speeds. These types of networks do not have any infrastructure and repeatedly configure themselves to connect with different devices in their communication...
Communication, Computer, data mining
File Sharing in Mobile Devices In the digital world, electronic gadgets can be considered as a measuring instrument to decide an individual’s complexity of living. Using mobile devices such as laptops and cellular phones has become the norm. The increased demand for...
Computer, data mining, Medicine
Background Information of Parkinson’s Disease James Parkinson described Parkinson’s Disease as a mental disorder that forces body parts into involuntary tremors . According to Lorraine V. Kalia and Anthony E. Lang, the leading cause for developing PD is death of...
data mining, Medicine
introduction to Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the basic motor functions of the body. In a paper published by A. J. Lees, J. Hardy, and T. Revesz, it was found that there are estimated ten million patients of...
Computer, data mining, database of image
Bayesian Statistics A hypothesis is nothing more than a claim or premise that one is interested in verifying. In imaging and spectroscopy, one example is that at a certain location in the eld of view, the hypothesis is that a spectrum is present. Another hypothesis is...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing
Principal Component Analysis Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique that attempts to recast a dataset in a manner that nds correlations in data that may not be evident in their native basis and creates a set of basis vectors in...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
Practical Considerations in Computational Sensing Computational sensing as a eld is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. The number of journal publications related to computational sensing has steadily increased every year since 2008 . There is now a major Optical...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing
Compressive Sensing Traditionally, in order to increase the resolution of a sensor, one had to increase the number of measurements. This means that the SWAP-C must also increase. A camera with just a few megapixels FPA costs less than one with hundreds of megapixels....
Communication, Computer, data mining, database of image
The Digital Imaging Revolution The invention of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) FPA by Boyle and Smith in 1969 was a major breakthrough for entire elds and industries who depended on the reliable sampling, storage and transmission of optical signals . The CCD is the...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing, Medicine
Indirect Imaging While Golay, Fennimore, and others were leveraging multiplexing to eliminate trade offs in traditional sensors, an entirely disparate group of researchers were working on imaging techniques for which there was no isomorphic analog. In these cases the...
Computer, data mining, database of image
Practical Consideration In Experimental Computional Sensing Forward Models and Inverse Problems In the computational sensing community, a model that explains the mapping of the signal-of-interest to the measurement data is called the forward model . The problem of...
Computer, data mining, database of image, image processing
Development of Multiplexing in Sensing Multiplexing in sensing is the idea that each measurement sample is a physical combination of various parts of the analog signal-of-interest. Multiplexing is a powerful tool that can be exploited by the sensor designer to...
