Kaggle Overview

Kaggle is a platform for data sciences developer. It is based on two programming languages, Python and R . It has many outstanding features : You can find and use dataset in your machine learning application. You can find datasets in the link...

JUPYTER: USING IT AND ITS GREAT FUNCTIONS

The Jupyter notebook is a great friend of the data scientist. It allows the user to write code and create visualizations of data all in the same tab on their browser. It is included in the standard distribution of Anaconda, and can be launched from the command line...

One-hot encoding

One-hot encoding is a way to represent the target variables or classes in case of a classification problem. The target variables can be converted from the string labels to one-hot encoded vectors. A one-hot vector is filled with 1 at the index of the target class but...

Modbus

Modbus MODBUS was established in the late 1970’s as a protocol to be used with programmable logic controllers PLCs by Modicon. It works on RS-485 serial communications and due to its differential signaling it reduces errors in communication. There are several versions...

Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-Agent Systems Basically, an agent is a computer system which can decide to take an action in order to satisfy designed objectives. Agents that must operate robustly in rapidly changing, unpredictable, or open environments, where there is a significant...

Rotary optical encoders

Rotary optical encoders optical encoders Encoder is defined as an electromechanical device that measures motion or position. Encoders typically use optical sensors to generate electrical pulse train signals which are converted to position, motion, or direction ....

Measurement Devices

Voltage and Current Sensors The bus connectors are connected to the voltage and current sensors which are designed for measuring all currents and voltages in the power grid. The voltage and current sensors are electronic transducers which are installed on the designed...

Cascading Failures

Cascading Failures Introduction The complex structure and wide interconnections of power grids make them vulnerable to disturbances such as faults, loss of transmission lines (TLs), etc. This complexity makes the control strategies more sophisticated and costly in...

Common Spike Detection Methods

Common Spike Detection Methods 1. Precision Timing Spike Detection (PT) : PT employs a differential threshold, pulse lifetime period, and refractory period to detect spikes. It searches for a peak within the set PLP after a peak of opposite polarity is found. Provided...

Super-Paramagnetic Clustering

Super-Paramagnetic Clustering Super-paramagnetic clustering (SPC) is a Monte Carlo iteration of the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising Model. SPC clustering is performed by evaluating simulated interactions (states) between individual data points and their...

Spiking Model In Vivo Neurophysiology

Spiking Model In Vivo Neurophysiology The animals employed for neurophysiological recording were adult, male Long-Evans rats acquired at 4 months of age. The animal protocols used were approved by the University of Kansas Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and...

Noise in MEA recordings

Noise in MEA recordings In addition to inherent noise coming from the source, i.e. the neuron, as previously described, there are several other sources of additive noise in an extracellular recording coming from the biological interface, the electrode interface and...

Spike Waveforms

Spike Waveforms In theory, an action potential waveform or template could be unequivocally and unambiguously linked to a single neuron. However, in practice this is a difficult problem because the recorded signal is non-stationary due to several time varying...

Extracellular Recordings In Neuron

Extracellular Recordings In Neuron Most extracellular recording experiments follow the same general process to collect multiunit activity and identify individual neurons in the environment, albeit employing different methodologies for each step in the process, as...

Extracellular Activity In Neuron

Extracellular Activity In Neuron Neurons are composed of three components: soma, axon, and dendrites. As in any cell, the soma or cell body is responsible for metabolic function, but in neurons it is further specialized to maintain high levels of biosynthetic...

cost of electric energy storage technologies

cost of electric energy storage technologies The increased penetration of supply derived from variable renewable energy resources, coupled with the recent decline in the cost of electric energy storage technologies, has brought about an opportunity to signicantly...

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) MANETs are made up of mobile devices that move in different directions at random speeds. These types of networks do not have any infrastructure and repeatedly configure themselves to connect with different devices in their communication...

Parkinson’s Disease

 introduction to Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the basic motor functions of the body. In a paper published by A. J. Lees, J. Hardy, and T. Revesz, it was found that there are estimated ten million patients of...

Bayesian Statistics

Bayesian Statistics A hypothesis is nothing more than a claim or premise that one is interested in verifying. In imaging and spectroscopy, one example is that at a certain location in the eld of view, the hypothesis is that a spectrum is present. Another hypothesis is...