an overview on the technology of smart power grids, opportunities and challenges
1. From Power Networks to Smart Grids: Challenges vs. Opportunities An intelligence revolution is happening in the technology of power networks (PN), supporting the development of so-called smart grids (SGs)1. Roughly speaking, “the term SG refers to electricity...Main Effect Of The Propagation Of Ultrasonic Waves In Human Tissues
Main Effect Of The Propagation Of Ultrasonic Waves In Human Tissues The most obvious effect is heating. Since a significant portion of the energy is absorbed and converted into heat during ultrasound propagation, this could potentially lead to a temperature increase....Ultrasonic Communications in Human Tissues
Ultrasonic Communications in Human Tissues Fundamentals of UltrasoundWaves Ultrasounds are mechanical pressure waves with a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing, i.e., 20 kHz. Ultrasounds consist of mechanical vibrations of particles in a material. Even if...Introduction To Wireless Medical Implants
Introduction To Wireless Medical Implants Wirelessly networked systems of implantable medical devices endowed with sensors and actuators will be the basis of many innovative, sometimes revolutionary therapies. Artificial pancreases, i.e., implanted continuous glucose...Detection and Mitigation Strategies
Detection and Mitigation Strategies Intrusion Detection is the primary tool for protecting DNP3 environment from malicious behavior attempting to intercept the network, interrupting communication or manipulating data transmission. There are two types of intrusion...Experimental And Theoretical Modeling Of Dnp3 Attacks In Smart Grids
Experimental And Theoretical Modeling Of Dnp3 Attacks In Smart Grids Security challenges have emerged in recent years facing smart-grids in the energy sector. Threats are arising every day that could cause great scale of damages in critical infrastructure. Chapter 3...Multi-Agent Systems
Multi-Agent Systems Basically, an agent is a computer system which can decide to take an action in order to satisfy designed objectives. Agents that must operate robustly in rapidly changing, unpredictable, or open environments, where there is a significant...Vulnerabilities and Threats – Security Concerns
Vulnerabilities and Threats – Security Concerns A threat is anything that can cause an interruption to network operation or system’s functionalities and can jeopardize its availability. There are different categories of threats including natural threats like floods,...Artificial Neural Network Design and Implementation
Neural network structure and model In this work, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is proposed as shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. The Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LMBP) method is selected for training the ANN network to increase convergence...Critical Infrastructure, Security Policies And Strategies
Critical Infrastructure, Security Policies And Strategies Critical infrastructure is a collection of systems and assets tangible and non-tangible that provides critical services (Fig. 1) to the nation and its protection must be addressed to ensure reliability and...Motivation Security in Smart Grid
Motivation Security in Smart Grid Security is an essential way to promote safety, protection and data privacy. Security in Critical Infrastructure is about making data availability only to authorized and authenticated users and ensuring reliability of system’s...Rotary optical encoders
Rotary optical encoders optical encoders Encoder is defined as an electromechanical device that measures motion or position. Encoders typically use optical sensors to generate electrical pulse train signals which are converted to position, motion, or direction ....Measurement Devices
Voltage and Current Sensors The bus connectors are connected to the voltage and current sensors which are designed for measuring all currents and voltages in the power grid. The voltage and current sensors are electronic transducers which are installed on the designed...Cascading Failures
Cascading Failures Introduction The complex structure and wide interconnections of power grids make them vulnerable to disturbances such as faults, loss of transmission lines (TLs), etc. This complexity makes the control strategies more sophisticated and costly in...Common Spike Detection Methods
Common Spike Detection Methods 1. Precision Timing Spike Detection (PT) : PT employs a differential threshold, pulse lifetime period, and refractory period to detect spikes. It searches for a peak within the set PLP after a peak of opposite polarity is found. Provided...
Troubleshooting and online tutorials
