Medicine
Overview of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERA) Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that aldosterone and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may interact and hyperaldosteronism is often associated with elevated ET-1 levels. ET-1 is a 21-amino acid peptide...
Medicine
Hypertension and HFpEF HFpEF is a complex disease often presenting with multisystem involvement characteristics including skeletal muscle and vascular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, anemia, and atrial fibrillation. (Maeder and Kaye 2009) The...
Medicine
The Obesity Paradox It has been widely interpreted that obesity exerts major deleterious effects on our body and it is the cause of numerous illnesses such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. However, there exist evidence that lead to the “obesity...
Medicine
Obesity and Heart Failure Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. (Carbone 2013) Currently, obesity is defined based on the Body Mass Index (BMI), which relates height to weight. A BMI greater than or equal to 30...
Medicine
Hypothalamic Descending Modulation of Trigeminovascular Pain The hypothalamus has been implicated in various facets of migraine. Hypothalamic activation was observed during spontaneous migraine attacks in a study using PET scans of migraine sufferers (Denuelle et al.,...
Medicine
Central Descending Modulation of Trigeminovascular Pain Trigeminal nociception may be modulated internally, beginning in the cortex like most pain relay networks in the CNS (Noseda & Burstein, 2013). Cortical dysexcitability, fluctuations in cortical excitability,...
Medicine
Neural Mechanisms behind Migraine Photophobia Photophobia specifies light-induced neurological symptoms including exacerbation of headache, hypersensitivity to light, and ocular discomfort/pain (photo-oculodynia) (Noseda & Burstein, 2013). Thus, ambient light...
Medicine
CSD & Migraine with Aura In about a third of migraine patients, focal neurological disturbances known as auras are experienced as visual, motor, or sensory symptoms. Many studies have established aura in humans is analogous to CSD of Leão in other animals (Charles...
Medicine
Peripheral and Central Sensitization Clinical and animal studies provide indirect evidence that the abundance of inflammatory mediators released during migraine have the ability to maintain activation and sensitization of peripheral and central trigeminovascular (TGV)...
Medicine
Trigeminovascular Anatomical Pain Pathway Although precedence of either vascular or neuronal components have not been determined from clinical and experimental studies, the trigeminal system has been implicated in the generation of migraine pain (Tajti, 2012). Pain...
Medicine
Genetics Population-based epidemiological surveys and twin studies greatly support the idea that MO is produced by genetic and environmental influences (Goadsby, 2013). Epidemiological evidence demonstrates methyltetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene mutation is...
Medicine
Types of Migraine MO is a recurrent headache with several attacks occurring between 4 and 72 hours that is worsened by and/or causing avoidance of everyday physical activity (“The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta...
Computer
Neo4J Applications The graph data model in general and Neo4J specifically renowned for the power and flexibility, and its essential expressiveness. The graph databases application in a real-world problem can be seen as the fast performance of the queries and...
Computer
Neo4j Neo4j is the leading application of a property graph database. It is written mainly in Java and leverages a custom storage format and the facilities of the Java Transaction Architecture (JTA) to provide XA transactions. The Java API offers an object-oriented...
Computer
NOSQL Databases For over decades, relational databases have been used to store structured data. The data is sub-divided into groups, referred to as tables (Vaish, 2013). The tables store well-defined units of data in terms of type, size, and other constraints. Each...
Medicine
Clinical Trials Although clinical trials are a substantial and rapidly growing international business, they are not well understood by the general public. They are often seen as obscure and are sometimes surrounded by controversy about the ethical aspects that touch...
