Bellman Equation

Bellman Equation When the agent is in state i at time slot n and takes action a, it transitions to the next state j at time slot n+1 with probability and incurs expected cost c(i, a). However, given the available actions , it is not enough to select the action that...

Markov Decision Process (MDP)

Markov Decision Process (MDP) Here, we consider a discrete-time Markov Decision Process where time is slotted into intervals of equal duration indexed by Definition 1. A Markov Decision Process M is a 5-tuple (S;A; p; c; ) where S is the set of states i, A is the set...

Bayesian Statistics

Bayesian Statistics A hypothesis is nothing more than a claim or premise that one is interested in verifying. In imaging and spectroscopy, one example is that at a certain location in the eld of view, the hypothesis is that a spectrum is present. Another hypothesis is...

Three-Dimensional Printing

Three-Dimensional Printing 3D printing is a promising technology for regenerative medicine because it allows customized structures to be fabricated ranging from acellular bone-tissue scaffolding to cellladen vascularized hydrogels. To fabricate structures, this...

Regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine  The use of human-derived stem cells to treat diseases and injuries ranging from arthritis to paralysis has the potential to revolutionize the medical field. Personalized medical treatments are advantageous because they allow drugs to be...

Variability Modeling and Management In Mobile Devices

Variability Modeling and Management In Mobile Devices The problems of power consumption, temperature stress and reliability degradation will only worsen with CMOS scaling and the consequent increase in variability. Variability in integrated circuits refers to the...